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The Abashevo culture is a later Bronze Age (ca. 2500–1900 BCE) archaeological culture found in the valleys of the Volga and Kama River north of the Samara bend and into the southern Ural Mountains. It receives its name from the village of Abashevo in Chuvashia. Artifacts are kurgans and remnants of settlements. The Abashevo was the easternmost of the Russian forest zone cultures that descended from Corded Ware ceramic traditions. The Abashevo culture played a significant role in the origin of the Sintashta culture.〔David W. Anthony, "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World", Princeton University Press, 2007, p 382〕 The Abashevo culture does not pertain to the Andronovo culture and genetically belongs to the circle of Central European cultures of the Fatyanovo culture type corded ware ceramics.〔Elena E. Kuz'mina, ''The Origin of the Indo-Iranians'', Volume 3, edited by J. P. Mallory, Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands 2007, p 302〕 The economy was mixed agriculture. Cattle, sheep, and goats, as well as other domestic animals were kept. Horses were evidently used, inferred by cheek pieces typical of neighboring steppe cultures.〔J. P. Mallory, Abashevo Culture, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997, p 1〕 The population of Sintashta derived their stock-breeding from Abashevo, although the role of the pig shrinks sharply.〔Elena E. Kuz'mina, ''The Origin of the Indo-Iranians'', Volume 3, edited by J. P. Mallory, Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands 2007, p 146〕 It follows the Yamna culture and Balanovo culture〔L. Koryakova, A. Epimakhov, ''The Urals and Western Siberia in the Bronze and Iron Ages'', Cambridge University Press, NY, NY, 2007 ISBN 978-0-521-82928-1, p 100〕 in its inhumation practices in tumuli. Flat graves were also a component of the Abashevo culture burial rite,〔Elena E. Kuz'mina, The Origin of the Indo-Iranians, Volume 3, edited by J. P. Mallory, Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands 2007, p 221〕 as in the earlier Fatyanovo culture.〔L. Koryakova, A. Epimakhov, The Urals and Western Siberia in the Bronze and Iron Ages, Cambridge University Press, NY, NY, 2007 ISBN 978-0-521-82928-1, p 100〕 Grave offerings are scant, little more than a pot or two. Some graves show evidence of a birch bark floor and a timber construction forming walls and roof.〔J. P. Mallory, Abashevo Culture, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997, p 1〕 There is evidence of copper smelting, and the culture would seem connected to copper mining activities in the southern Urals. The Abashevo culture was an important center of metallurgy〔J. P. Mallory, Abashevo Culture, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997, p 2〕 and stimulated the formation of Sintashta metallurgy.〔Elena E. Kuz'mina, ''The Origin of the Indo-Iranians'', Volume 3, edited by J. P. Mallory, Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands 2007, p 86〕 The Abashevo ethno-linguistic identity is a subject of speculation, although it likely reflected a merger of the earlier Iranian steppe Poltavka culture, an extension of Fatyanovo-Balanovo traditions,〔J. P. Mallory, Abashevo Culture, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997, p 2〕 and contacts with speakers of Uralic; Abashevo was likely the area in which some loan-words entered Uralic. The skulls of the Abashevo differ from those of the Timber Grave culture, early Catacomb culture, or the Potapovka culture.〔Elena E. Kuz'mina, The Origin of the Indo-Iranians, Volume 3, edited by J. P. Mallory, Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands 2007, pp 169–170〕 Abashevo probably witnessed a bilingual population undergo a process of assimilation.〔Elena E. Kuz'mina, The Origin of the Indo-Iranians, Volume 3, edited by J. P. Mallory, Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands 2007, p 222〕 Some members of the hunter-gatherer Volosovo culture were apparently also absorbed into the Abashevo populace, as corded-impressed Abashevo pottery has been found alongside comb-stamped Volosovo ceramics at archaeological sites sometimes even in the same structure.〔David W. Anthony, "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World", Princeton University Press, 2007, p 382〕 Abashevo occupied part of the area of the earlier Fatyanovo-Balanovo culture, the eastern variant of the earlier Corded Ware culture, but whatever relationship there is between the two cultures is uncertain. The pre-eminent expert on the Abashevo culture, A. Pryakhin, concluded that it originated from contacts between Fatyanovo / Balanovo and Catacomb / Poltavka peoples in the southern forest-steppe.〔David W. Anthony, "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World", Princeton University Press, 2007, p 383〕 Early Abashevo ceramic styles strongly influenced Sintashta ceramics.〔David W. Anthony, "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World", Princeton University Press, 2007, p 382〕 It was preceded by the Yamna culture and succeeded by the Srubna culture and the Sintashta culture.〔David W. Anthony, "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World", Princeton University Press, 2007, p 382〕 ==See also== *Fatyanovo-Balanovo culture *Poltavka culture *Sintashta culture *Potapovka culture *Srubna culture 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abashevo culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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